For You Lot Data - Non Then Dangerous: Neanderthals In Addition To Early On Modern Humans Exhibit Like Levels Of Cranial Injuries

Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 squad of University of Tübingen researchers led past times Professor Katerina Harvati has shown that Neanderthals sustained similar levels of caput injuries to the earliest anatomically modern humans inwards Eurasia. This consequence contradicts previous views that Neanderthals were characterized past times exceptionally high rates of trauma. The study, authored past times scientists from Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution in addition to Palaeoenvironment, in addition to the Institute of Evolution in addition to Ecology at the University of Tübingen, is published inwards Nature.

Neanderthals are commonly idea to convey relied on unsafe unopen hit hunting techniques,
using non-projectile weapons similar the thrusting spears depicted here
[Credit: Gleiver Prieto & Katerina Harvati]

The life of Neanderthals, who lived inwards western Eurasia from unopen to 400,000 to 40,000 years ago, has long been portrayed equally harsh in addition to dangerous. This sentiment is inwards purpose based on unusually high incidence of traumatic injuries described for Neanderthal fossils. Neanderthal injuries are idea to endure close often concentrated on the caput in addition to to consequence from several possible causes, including vehement social behavior, a mobile hunter-gatherer-lifestyle inwards Ice Age environments where accidents would endure common, in addition to attacks past times carnivores such equally cave bears or cave hyenas.

Importantly, Neanderthals are idea to convey relied on unopen hit weapons, such equally stabbing or thrusting spears, in addition to so to convey repeatedly come upward into unopen hit confrontations amongst large prey animals during hunting. High levels of caput injury inwards Neanderthals, therefore, convey been used to infer non alone unsafe lifestyles, but too vehement behaviour in addition to inferior hunting techniques. Until now, however, these inferences were mainly based on example past times example reports of injuries on specific private skeletons, rather than on population-wide statistical analyses.

In their novel study the Tübingen scientists applied a quantitative, population-wide analysis of caput trauma amidst Neanderthals in addition to Upper Paleolithic modern humans from Western Eurasia to exam this hypothesis. They used a newly compiled database of several hundred fossil specimens, both amongst in addition to without injuries, in addition to rigorous statistical modelling accounting for sex, historic stream at death, geography in addition to solid set down of preservation of the bones. None of their models revealed meaning differences inwards trauma prevalence betwixt the 2 groups.

Neanderthal (left) in addition to modern human skeleton. Neanderthals convey commonly endure
considered to demo high incidences of trauma compared to modern humans
[Credit: Ian Tattersall]

“Our findings refute the hypothesis that Neanderthals were to a greater extent than prone to caput injuries than modern humans, opposite to mutual perception”, explains Professor Katerina Harvati. “We so believe that the commonly cited Neanderthal behaviors leading to high injury levels, such equally vehement behaviour in addition to inferior hunting capabilities, must endure reconsidered.”

The researchers institute that males were to a greater extent than often injured than females amidst both Neanderthals in addition to early on modern humans, a finding consistent amongst observations inwards to a greater extent than recent human groups, explained past times sectionalization of labor betwixt men in addition to women or past times other culturally determined sex-specific behaviors in addition to activities. Beyond these similarities, the researchers too institute interesting differences.

“While Neanderthals in addition to Upper Paleolithic modern humans exhibited a similar prevalence of trauma overall, nosotros institute a dissimilar age-related trauma prevalence for each species”, explains Judith Beier, outset writer of the study. This could hateful that Neanderthals were to a greater extent than probable to endure injured at a younger historic stream than Upper Paleolithic modern humans. Alternatively, it could endure related to differences inwards long-term survival afterwards a (non-lethal) injury.

“The age-related blueprint is a novel finding”, explains Harvati. “Overall, however, our results advise that Neanderthal lifestyles were non to a greater extent than unsafe than those of our ancestors, early on modern Europeans.”

Source: Universität Tübingen [November 14, 2018]


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